Muslim Rule in Kashmir II
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Chak Dynasty
The name of the creator of the Chak dynasty is Ghazi Chak.
• Chak rule began in Kashmir in 1561 and ended in 1587, when the Mughal emperor annexed Kashmir.
• Chaks were actually residents of Dards which is found in a valley of Hunza.
• The only credit that Chax can get is that he helped Humayun and Babur in securing Kashmir.
• Romantic and tragic career of Yusuf Shah Chak was penultimate flicker for Chaks.
• Yusuf Shah Chak was married to Habba Khatoon, who was a very famous poetess.
• Yusuf Shah Chak converted Gulmarg and Sonamarg into holiday resorts.
• Yusuf Shah Chak tried hard to get out of the jail of the Mughals, but he died because Akbar's soldiers had killed him and he died there in the jail.
• The Mughal army under Qasim Khan Mir defeated Shah's army.
• The Mughal army defeated Shah's army in Hirapur and it entered Mughal’s in Kashmir.
• Mughal entered Srinagar on 14 October 1586.
• Kashmir lost its independence and came to work under the Mughals.
• Mughal Rule:
• Mughal power lasted from 1587 to 1752, and during this period people enjoyed a fairly peaceful government.
• After acquiring Kashmir, the Mughals made it a part of Kabul and appointed Qasim Khan as its governor.
Akbar
• The Mughal Emperor made his first visit to Kashmir in June 1589.
• During his rule, the bad finance minister and revenue minister settled the revenue of Kashmir. This was the biggest revenue settlement of Kashmir.
• Akbar built Hari Parbat Fort on the hill of Srinagar. The name of the hill was Nagar Nogar.
• The Mughals provided employment to all those who had suffered in the Chak Dynasty.
• The last time Akbar was with Jerome Xavier and Benoist de Gois was when the Mughals captured Ladakh.
• Akbar's patronage of arts and letters was brought to Kashmir, Muhammad Hussain, a very good and excellent scholar, was very impressed with Akbar's court.
Jahangir
• Emperor Jahangir and his Queen Nur Jahan visited Kashmir many times; she spent most of the summers in Kashmir.
• Jahangir has made it, Noor Jahan’s brother Asif Khan has made Nishat Bagh. The famous Achabal and Verinag springs have also been given their shape.
• Jahangir was very welfare to the people. He abolished vexatious taxes and took steps to abolish the sati system.
Shah jahan
• Shah Jahan visited Kashmir only four times in his lifetime.
• Shah Jahan built the Chashme Shahi Gardens and also made a part of Shalimar.
• Even Shah Jahan was afraid: Shikoh built the Pari Mahal on the banks of the Dal Lake and there are mountains on it.
Aurangzeb
• Aurangzeb came to Kashmir in 1665 with a French traveller named Francis Bernier.
• Aurangzeb had 14 governors in Kashmir, who governed the Kashmir.
• Aurangzeb's death caused the disintegration in the kashmir, the later Mughals did not care for kashmiris.
• After the death of Aurangzeb, Mughal rulers looted Kashmir. There was Chaos and Confusion.
• The people of Kashmir could not tolerate this oppression and wanted to do it, when Ahmed Shah Abdali was in Lahore in 1752, the two noblemen Mir Muquim Kant and Khawaja Zahir Didmari waited for him in Lahore and requested him to come Kashmir into his hands.
Afghan Rule
• Ahmad Shah accepted the offer quickly and left with his Afghan army. Its commander was Abdullah Khan Ishaq who wanted to take the valley under his control.
• The Afghans fought a war with the Mughals and defeated them and in the same way Mughal rule ended in Kashmir and Afghan rule started.
• The Afghans ruled Kashmir from AD 1753 to 1819. They ruled for nearly 67 years.
• The first Afghan governor was Abdullah Khan Ishaq and when he started the government, he started it with terror.
• Amir Khan Jawanser was an Afghan governor who built Amira Kadal and Sher Garhi Fort on Jhelum. He connected Dal Lake and Anchar through a canal called Nallah Amir Khan Canal.
• Of all Afghan governors, only Atta Mohammad was a capable and tolerant governor. He called himself an Independent of Kabul and issued coins in Kashmir in the name of a Patron Saint of Kashmir, Sheikh Noor ud din Rishi. He took up fortifications in Baramulla and Sopore and made the strongest and strongest fort, Kohe Maran.
• The last Afghan governor of Kashmir was Jabar Khan, under his rule Ranjit Singh commanded Kashmir in 1819 and occupied it. Ranjit Singh made Kashmir a part of the Lahore court. With this, the rule of 500 years of Muslims rule came to an end in Kashmir.
Sikh Rule
• In 1819, Ranjit Singh entered Kashmir with his 30,000 soldiers and defeated the Pathans and captured his possession in Kashmir. And Sikh rule started with this.
• In 1834, Wazir Zorawar Singh acquired Ladakh, Zanskar and Baltistan and established Sikh rule on it.
• Sikh rule lasted for only 27 years from May 1819 to 1846 and during this time 10 governors ruled it.
• Mian Singh, who was very famous as Colonel Sahib, was one of the best Sikh governors.
• Mian Singh reorganized the revenue system and introduced it in a proper way, proper weight and measure. He punished the fraudulent middleman. He adopted a very good way of bringing back the trade, especially the agriculture of Kashmir.
• Shiekh imam ud din was the last governor of Kashmir.